欧盟食品安全局发布饲料和食品中糖类生物碱的风险评估

 

　　经过评估，由于缺乏发生数据和有限的毒性数据，无法确定番茄和茄子中糖类生物碱对人类健康的风险。对于马、农场和同伴动物，由于饲料中存在的糖类生物碱以及这些物种中糖类生物碱的潜在不利影响的数据不足，因此无法对马铃薯中糖类生物碱进行风险表征。部分原文报道如下：

 

　　The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of glycoalkaloids (GA s) in feed and food. This risk assessment covers edible parts of potato plants and other food plants containing GA s, in particular, tomato and aubergine. In humans, acute toxic effects of potato GA s (α‐solanine and α‐chaconine) include gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. For these effects, the ConTAM Panel identified a lowest‐observed‐adverse‐effect level of 1 mg total potato GA s/kg body weight (bw) per day as a reference point for the risk characterisation following acute exposure. In humans, no evidence of health problems associated with repeated or long‐term intake of GA s via potatoes has been identified. No reference point for chronic exposure could be identified from the experimental animal studies. Occurrence data were available only for α‐solanine and α‐chaconine, mostly for potatoes. The acute dietary exposure to potato GA s was estimated using a probabilistic approach and applying processing factors for food. Due to the limited data available, a margin of exposure (MOE ) approach was applied. The MOE s for the younger age groups indicate a health concern for the food consumption surveys with the highest mean exposure, as well as for the P95 exposure in all surveys. For adult age groups, the MOE s indicate a health concern only for the food consumption surveys with the highest P95 exposures. For tomato and aubergine GA s, the risk to human health could not be characterised due to the lack of occurrence data and the limited toxicity data. For horses, farm and companion animals, no risk characterisation for potato GA s could be performed due to insufficient data on occurrence in feed and on potential adverse effects of GA s in these species.