粮食托市收购政策的市场效应评估一直是政府、业界和经济学界共同关注的重要问题。自2004年起,国家对口粮实施最低收购价政策,对我国粮食供给和农民增收方面影响深远。为评估政策对价格形成机制和社会福利的影响,该研究提出了一套基于截尾分位数自回归(CQAR)的动态价格分布函数评估方法,用于刻画价格支持政策对市场价格分布的作用机理和时变特征。该方法突破了传统“均值-方差”分析方法的局限性,通过估计更为广义的时变分布函数刻画出了价格形成机制的高阶矩特征和累计概率分布。该研究构建了一个涉及粮食供需、价格决定和福利变化的理论模型,探讨了政策因素影响价格波动和市场福利的理论路径。在实证研究部分,基于2000-2018年稻谷市场数据实证检验了农产品价格支持政策的市场价格效应与动态福利分配。研究发现,与理论分析相契合,价格支持政策对稻谷价格波动起到了平抑作用,主要表现为动态方差的降低和季节性波动的减弱。但在最低收购价明显抬升的年份,政策导致市场价格分布函数出现显著的截尾效应,并推高了市场价格均值趋势。进一步引入动态福利函数后,分析结果表明上述价格效应对消费者群体造成了负面福利影响,就相对福利测度的视角而言,城乡低收入群体受到了更大程度的福利损失。这表明政策设计中应充分认识和预判政策对低收入消费者群体福利的副作用,统筹把握政策对生产者群体和消费者群体之间的福利权衡。基于估计结果,文章还通过政策模拟讨论了调整价格支持水平以降低负面福利影响的可行性和方案情形。
该项研究从新的视角揭示了价格支持政策对粮食市场价格形成机制的动态影响,并测算了政策效应影响下不同消费者群体的福利损益,为发展中国家粮食安全政策优化以及维护低收入消费群体福利提供了新的有益启示。
经济管理学院李剑副教授为论文第一作者,该研究的合作者包括来自美国威斯康星大学农业与应用经济系的Jean-Paul Chavas教授和经济管理学院李崇光教授。该研究得到了国家自然科学基金项目(72173052; 71803058; 71873050; 71673103)的资助。
【英文摘要】
This study examines the economic and welfare effects of a commodity price support policy. It conceptually and empirically evaluates the effects of the domestic pricing policy on the distribution of commodity prices, with an application to the price support program in the Chinese rice market. The empirical analysis relies on a Censored Quantile Autoregression (CQAR) model, which provides a refined and flexible representation of the evolving distribution of prices under a price support program. based on monthly data over the period 2000–2018, we develop and estimate an econometric model documenting the price effects of policy interventions. We study how a price support program affects price distribution both in the short term and long term. We find that such a program has reduced the domestic rice price volatility, evidenced by lowered variation and increased right-skewness of the price distribution. We also show how China's rice programs' high price support level during the period 2008–2015 caused significant censoring effects and price enhancement with adverse impacts on consumer welfare across all income levels. We further examine alternative situations where a moderate price support level can reduce the long-term mean price without generating consumer welfare losses. Our analysis and findings have implications for the implementation of agricultural price support policies in many developing countries.
论文链接:https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/agec.12681